He wanted the United States to be the breadbasket of the world, exporting its agricultural commodities without suffering the ills of urbanization and industrialization.
Jefferson championed the rights of states and insisted on limited federal government as well as limited taxes. Despite this relatively peaceful transition, however, the earliest years of the nineteenth century were hardly free of problems between the two political parties. When Democratic-Republican Burr lost his bid for the office of governor of New York, he was quick to blame Hamilton, who had long disliked him and had done everything in his power to discredit him.
On July 11, the two antagonists met in Weehawken, New Jersey, to exchange bullets in a duel in which Burr shot and mortally wounded Hamilton. Privacy Policy. Skip to main content. The Federalist Era: — Search for:. The Federalist Era. Learning Objectives Analyze the central commitments of the Federalist party and its quarrels with the Democratic-Republicans. Jefferson and his colleagues formed the Republican Party in the early s.
By , the Federalists had become a party in name as well. After John Adams, their candidate, was elected president in , the Federalists began to decline. The Federalists' suppression of free speech under the Alien and Sedition Acts, and the assumption of closer relations with Britain instead of France, inflamed Jeffersonian Republicans.
The Federalists feared and hated Jefferson, but partly due to infighting, they were never able to organize successful opposition. A last great hope -- that the New England states would secede and form a Federalist nation -- collapsed when Jefferson won a landslide reelection in , thanks to the Louisiana Purchase.
Alexander Hamilton was left with little power -- and with no choice but to meet Aaron Burr on the dueling ground in hope of reviving his political career. But Hamilton was doomed, and so was his party. The Federalists would never again rise to power. Known informally as the Jeffersonian Republicans, this group of politicians organized in opposition to the policies of Federalists such as Alexander Hamilton, who favored a strong central government.
The Federalists sought to diversify the economy so that the country could compete with these European powers, and the loans promoted business. As well, the bank was responsible for controlling inflation by limiting the amount of money that the federal government issued. This created both a stable currency and encouraged investment. Hamilton believed that only the wealthiest and most educated white men should govern the country. He feared that working-class citizens would be corrupted by greed if they were to be responsible for finances.
This was one characteristic that influenced the Federalists to mold themselves after England. The other was the aforementioned desire to become industrialized. John Adams was the only Federalist President. George Washington never joined a political party, but his decisions while president usually favored the Federalists. The Federalists were conservatives; they favored a strong centralized government, encouragement of industries, attention to the needs of the great merchants and landowners, and establishment of a well-ordered society.
In foreign affairs they were pro-British, while the Jeffersonians were pro-French. The members of the Federalist party were mostly wealthy merchants, big property owners in the North, and conservative small farmers and businessmen.
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